What happens during translation in protein synthesis?

During translation in protein synthesis, proteins are assembled from amino acids based on the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA). This process occurs in the ribosome, where tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules bring specific amino acids that correspond to the codons on the mRNA. Each codon, a set of three nucleotides, specifies a particular amino acid, and as the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it facilitates the bonding of these amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. This chain eventually folds into a functional protein.

The other options are related to different biological processes. DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle before cell division, RNA production pertains to transcription where DNA is converted into mRNA, and sugar creation relates to photosynthesis in plants or cellular metabolism, which is separate from the protein synthesis pathway.