HOSA Biotechnology Practice Test

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell" because their primary function is to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell, through a process known as cellular respiration. This process involves the conversion of nutrients into energy, allowing the cell to carry out various metabolic functions necessary for survival.

During cellular respiration, mitochondria take in glucose and oxygen and, through a series of biochemical reactions, produce ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This energy production is crucial as it fuels virtually all cellular processes, from muscle contraction to the synthesis of biomolecules.

Understanding the importance of mitochondria in energy generation highlights their central role in cellular metabolism and overall health, making this the correct choice.